2026
FRAC continues to lead in nationwide advocacy to reverse the harmful changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) included in the budget reconciliation law (H.R. 1), passed last year, that will detrimentally affect participation and the program’s future, and to inform on its far-reaching impact — from school meal programs to state and local budgets.
FRAC released essential policy guides — playbooks targeting state and municipal governments, leaders, and advocates to navigate the fallout from H.R. 1 — economic instability, rising food insecurity, strain on infrastructure, and other challenges. FRAC has also released detailed policy analyses outlining and clarifying the changes included in the law such as program cost shifts to states, new eligibility requirements affecting
specific populations’ such as youth with experience in foster care, and more, and provided recommendations and suggested best practices to mitigate harm caused by them.
During FRAC’s #WhyILoveSNAP month-long campaign in February, supporters around the country urged their Members of Congress to stop the SNAP cuts and other bad policies affecting the program in H.R. 1, and shared their stories about SNAP’s positive impact on their lives and communities.
The year started off well for the permanent Summer EBT Program, which FRAC was instrumental in creating. There was confirmation in January that more than 21 million children would benefit from the program this summer, with 38 states and the District of Columbia already committed to participate, helping to ensure children have a summer free from hunger and return to school well-nourished and ready to learn.
2025
After the passage in July of the budget reconciliation law, which included the most significant cuts to SNAP in the history of the program, affecting millions of people, FRAC mobilized its network and partners around the country to support efforts to reverse the cuts and restore SNAP funding. Prior to the passage of the legislation, FRAC worked tirelessly to protect SNAP and the child nutrition programs during the reconciliation process. While the bill did move forward with devastating cuts, our advocacy was instrumental in reducing the harm, moving Congress from their original proposal to cut SNAP by $300 billion, and ensuring that there were no direct cuts to the child nutrition programs.
In November, FRAC and nearly 1,500 national, state, and community-based organizations signed a letter urging Congress to repeal the recent cuts to SNAP by cosponsoring the Restoring Food Security for American Families and Farmers Act of 2025.
During the longest government shutdown in U.S. history, FRAC sounded the alarm about the harm of SNAP benefit delays and the need for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and states to quickly deliver benefits once the shutdown ended. The Trump administration had went as far as the Supreme Court to keep SNAP benefits out of the hands of those in need, leaving millions of Americans hungry and in limbo.
FRAC celebrated the Senate’s bipartisan vote to provide $8.2 billion for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), a $500 million increase from fiscal year 2025, to fully fund the program to meet anticipated participation and also protecting the fruit and vegetable benefit. This vote ensured that neither the WIC cuts proposed by the administration or the House were enacted.
In May, FRAC released recommendations for the Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) Commission to consider. And in September, in response to the Make Our Children Healthy Again strategy, FRAC noted that the MAHA strategy missed a critical opportunity to improve child health by excluding the expansion of children’s access to healthy food through the federal nutrition programs, a key strategy to improve child health and address hunger and food security, affecting nearly 14 million children in the U.S.
In May, FRAC’s Board of Directors appointed Crystal FitzSimons as president. FitzSimons began her career at FRAC in 1998, most recently serving as FRAC’s interim president since July 2024, and leading the organization’s child nutrition policy team before that.
FRAC continued to lead nationwide efforts for Healthy School Meals for All and work with partners to enact statewide policies. New York became the ninth states to pass a policy, and 60 percent of schools offered breakfast and lunch at no charge through statewide policies or the federal Community Eligibility Provision.
With the announcement of the end of the annual Household Food Security report and the release of its final issue, FRAC called on Congress and USDA to reinstate the report, stressing the importance of the report’s data to creating, honing, and implementing effective tools to combat hunger in America — its absence severely limiting the nation’s ability to track food insecurity and to understand the impact of policy choices, including measuring the impact of SNAP cuts included in H.R. 1 on food security. FRAC also supported the introduction and is advocating for passage of the Food Security and Assurance Act (H.R. 6252), which would reinstate the report.
In January, FRAC called on the Trump administration and the incoming Congress to safeguard the federal nutrition programs, emphasizing that proposals to cut funding for vital resources like SNAP would have devastating consequences for people’s health, the economy, and communities across the nation. As some Republicans in Congress looked
to slash funding for SNAP to pay for tax cuts in February, FRAC released state-by-state fact sheets that illustrated how proposed cuts to SNAP would impact struggling households and local economies across the country.
2024
FRAC was instrumental in mobilizing a nationwide effort that resulted in more than 1,400 national, state, and local organizations signing on to a letter to Congress urging that the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program be protected and strengthened in the Farm Bill and any other legislative vehicle.
Healthy School Meals for All continues to gain momentum, with eight states permanently offering all children, regardless of their household income, free school meals — breakfast and lunch — every school day. The Healthy School Meals for All movement, led by FRAC on the national level, seeks to create a permanent nationwide policy. Providing school meals to all students at no charge is a game-changer for combating hunger, eliminating stigma, and stretching family budgets.
FRAC and its network were instrumental in advocating for permanent Summer EBT — a lifeline for families during the summer months when school meals are not available. It was estimated that the Summer EBT Program would serve approximately 21.3 million children and result in about $2.6 billion in benefits being distributed to struggling families in
summer 2024. The Summer EBT Program will reduce child food insecurity, helping children receive the food they need during the summer, and to return to school in the fall ready to learn.
FRAC’s nationwide network of allies and national partners, and people with lived experience, provided input on the improved WIC fruits and vegetables package. Advocacy by FRAC and partner organizations also led to Congress securing $7 billion in critical funding in appropriations for WIC. WIC may not have existed if it were not for FRAC. FRAC fought long and hard in the early 1970s to make sure that there was substantial funding, well beyond what was initially authorized, for this program.
2023
In February, FRAC was awarded a $2 million grant from USDA for a project focused on equity in child nutrition programs, Equitable Access in Child Nutrition Programs Project, to conduct and support research on expanding equitable access to the federally funded child nutrition programs, including the National School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, Summer Food Service Program, and the Child and Adult Care Food
Program.
FRAC continued to advocate for benefit adequacy and equitable access to SNAP, as all program participants suffered cuts to their benefits on March 1, 2023, with the average SNAP benefit falling to a mere $6 a person a day. This created a hunger cliff for millions of households. FRAC also increased its outreach, communicating crucial program
changes, such as updates to the SNAP time limit exemptions rule for special populations such as veterans, the unhoused, and young people with experience in foster care, and on improving access for college students, to empower participants and inform advocates to help expand the reach of the program to those in need.
In September, FRAC and over 600 national, state, and local organizations signed a letter in a unified plea to Congress to immediately pass a continuing resolution that would avert a government shutdown and protect funding for federal nutrition programs, especially WIC, to guarantee the program could continue providing all who are eligible
with the nutrition they need without interruption.
In October, FRAC launched the New Jersey Food Security Initiative, funded by a $4.5 million grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The initiative is dedicated to addressing food insecurity and health inequities in New Jersey by uplifting existing initiatives and collaborations across the state — providing additional funding
opportunities, capacity-building, resources, and technical assistance
2022
Based on our 50-year track record of advancing policy solutions to end poverty-related hunger in the U.S., and listening to and working with our network of advocates and partners, state and local agencies, and those with lived experience, FRAC released a Strategic Plan that identifies five bold steps to a nation free from hunger. We made significant progress in 2022 toward our goal to end hunger.
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a critical early intervention in preventing hunger — improving participants’ health, dietary intake, and birth and health outcomes with nutritious foods, nutrition education, breastfeeding support, and health care referrals for nutritionally at-risk infants, children up to 5 years old, and pregnant and postpartum individuals from households with low incomes. FRAC received a $20 million-dollar WIC grant in October from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Through the WIC Community Innovation and Outreach Project, FRAC will partner with UnidosUS, the Native American Agriculture Fund, and the Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition to support community-based organizations, WIC state and local agencies, and other nonprofits in developing and implementing outreach strategies to increase WIC participation and retention.
School meals fuel student health and learning. Although the USDA waiver authority offering free meals to all students at the beginning of the pandemic expired in June, support and momentum continue to build for free school meals for all around the country, with the Biden administration including Healthy School Meals for All in its National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. FRAC created a one-stop-shop microsite with the latest news and resources on health school meals, and we continue to encourage others to join us in raising their hands in support of Healthy School Meals for All.
Through our “Strengthen SNAP Agenda”, FRAC has worked steadfastly to bolster the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) during COVID-19 and beyond. FRAC’s SNAP agenda would raise SNAP benefits overall, improve SNAP benefit adequacy and equitable program access for those in need, including college students, the unemployed and underemployed, and immigrants, and eliminate the “cap” on the SNAP shelter deduction, which currently exacerbates challenges families with children face in paying for both food and housing. Key legislative proposals have growing numbers of congressional cosponsors; opinion research also shows public support for many agenda items. And our new SNAP Feeds Our Community campaign aims to build public awareness of SNAP’s positive impacts in the Southern states in the near and longer terms.
Addressing the root causes of hunger — the economic and social factors that fuel hunger such as poverty; lack of adequate wages, health care, housing, and child care; and racial inequities — is critical to ending hunger. FRAC partnered with coalitions and organizations addressing root cause issues, and mobilized anti-hunger partners to bring the sector’s unique and powerful perspective to efforts such as advocating for the reinstatement of the 2021 expanded Child Tax Credit(CTC) and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). These expansions made a profound difference for millions of families and reduced hunger among households with children by 19 percent. FRAC garnered more than 550 signatories from organizations working to end hunger on a letter urging Congress to reinstate the expanded CTC and EITC in any end of the year tax package.
The White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health served as a major platform to amplify the issue of hunger in the U.S. FRAC worked with the White House to ensure people with lived experience participated in regional listening sessions hosted by the White House, and we featured their stories in a special blog series. Some of FRAC’s key recommendations to the Biden administration, including advancing free school meals for all, modernizing and expanding the Summer EBT program, and providing access to SNAP for the formerly incarcerated and for college students, were reflected in the national strategy released at the conference. The administration’s strategy also aligned with FRAC’s priorities beyond the federal nutrition programs to address root causes of hunger.
2021
Following the 2020 elections, FRAC played a key role in developing and executing a detailed work plan to prepare for the Biden-Harris administration and continued fighting for key FRAC priorities in the Biden-Harris American Rescue Plan. FRAC also prepared policy documents to orient all new Members of Congress on its key goals.
Ending hunger in America continues to have bipartisan support, which is central to our long-term support strategy for the federal nutrition programs. Since its inception more than 50 years ago, FRAC has worked across the aisle in Congress to pass legislation that would improve access to nutrition programs for low-income individuals and families. From its beginnings in 1970, working with Sens. George McGovern (D-SD) and Bob Dole (R-KS), to 2021, working with Sens. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) and John Boozman (R-AR), FRAC has tailored its lobbying efforts in a bipartisan fashion.
In February, FRAC concluded a new strategic planning process that provided greater focus in five areas: strengthen the federal nutrition programs to ensure they provide sufficient and dignified access to nutrition to low-income individuals in the U.S.; guarantee that program implementation at the federal, state, and local level maximizes available benefits; support policies and programs that reduce poverty and other root causes of hunger; reduce the racial hunger gap by embedding equity in the federal nutrition programs; and build a national commitment in support of just and effective anti-hunger policies. The plan was informed by inputs from advocacy targets, the board, staff, and the national network of advocates, partners, and donors.
2020
FRAC turned 50!
In January, Jim Weill stepped down as FRAC’s president after 21 years at its helm. In the same month, FRAC welcomed its new president, Luis Guardia.
At the earliest indications of the breadth and enormity of the COVID-19 pandemic, FRAC staff immediately engaged with Congressional leaders and Trump administration officials to provide technical assistance and policy recommendations for a swift and comprehensive response. Many of the priorities FRAC recommended were included in relief packages, including boosts to SNAP, the creation of a Pandemic EBT program, the expansion of USDA’s child nutrition waiver authority, and measures to ensure that programs — like SNAP, school meals, and WIC — are able to respond as needed and to reach households during the crisis.
As part of its 50th anniversary commemorations, FRAC sponsored a Washington Post Live event that highlighted the impact of COVID-19 with the release of Not Enough to Eat: COVID-19 Deepens America’s Hunger Crisis and a discussion on how to address the short- and long-term fallout of the pandemic, including expanding the reach of the federal nutrition programs.
At the end of 2020, FRAC was named as one of several recipients of Mackenzie Scott’s philanthropy and was awarded a generous multiyear grant to support its work.
2019
The year started with a federal government shutdown, which threatened millions of Americans’ access to the federal nutrition programs, so FRAC took numerous steps, such as releasing official statements and creating a toolkit, to advocate for ending the shutdown so that struggling households could access the federal nutrition programs. Alarmed by the proposed public charge rule, FRAC coordinated with its national network of partners, including Protecting Immigrant Families (PIF), to reject the proposed rule by providing a platform for partners and other advocates to submit comments. During this time, FRAC began serving as the nutrition lead on the steering committee for the PIF Campaign, which leads efforts against attacks on the nation’s health and well-being. All year long SNAP was constantly being challenged, so FRAC held firm on protecting SNAP from, for example, two proposed rule changes: Categorical Eligibility and the Standard Utility Allowance. FRAC again created comment platforms, replete with templates and other resources, for each. Child nutrition was also in the spotlight with the Child Nutrition Reauthorization due. FRAC authored numerous resources and partnered with other organizations to promote several proposed child nutrition bills and to reiterate why a strong Child Nutrition Reauthorization bill is important for helping end childhood hunger.
2018
FRAC’s ongoing advocacy efforts to protect and strengthen SNAP helped ensure that the 2018 Farm Bill, which passed in December, rejected harmful provisions that would have weakened this program. FRAC also strongly opposed a proposed public charge rule that would make it harder for immigrant families to access a range of nutrition, health, and human services programs. Under the proposed rule, SNAP is included as a public benefit that could trigger a public charge determination.
2017
FRAC launches interactive data tools illustrating state and congressional district poverty rates and household SNAP participation rates (including county level data), enabling policymakers and advocates to better pinpoint the extent of poverty in their communities and to understand the important extent to which the federal nutrition programs are vital in the struggle against hunger and poverty in the U.S. The maps also show that SNAP matters in every community across the country, regardless of size or demographics, and especially in rural communities.
2016
FRAC releases first-ever report analyzing breakfast participation in the Summer Nutrition Programs, showing that only 1.7 million low-income children received summer breakfast on an average weekday in July 2015 — barely half as many who ate summer lunch. The report sets an ambitious, but achievable, goal of reaching 70 children with summer breakfast through the Summer Nutrition Programs for every 100 participating in summer lunch.
FRAC reports that the latest research shows school meals improve food security, dietary intake, and weight outcomes.
USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack, Senator Lisa Murkowski, and End Hunger Connecticut! received honors at FRAC’s 26th Annual Benefit Dinner.
FRAC supports new USDA rules for healthier meals and snacks in the Child and Adult Care Food Program, an important step in addressing the nutritional shortfalls in our nation’s children’s diets and helping to tackle the nation’s obesity problem.
2015
FRAC releases “A Plan of Action to End Hunger in America” featuring “Eight Essential Strategies to Ending Hunger,” including create jobs, raise wages, increase opportunity, and share prosperity; improve government income-support programs for struggling families; strengthen SNAP and Child Nutrition Programs; and build political will.
The Food & Agriculture Policy Collaborative, of which FRAC is a member, releases guide to Building Healthy Communities.
FRAC reports on the extent and causes of participation shifts in the National School Lunch Program.
2014
FRAC’s Hunger Doesn’t Take A Vacation, its annual look at participation in summer meals, shows the first major increase in Summer Nutrition Program participation since 2008. The 2014 report shows a five-percent increase, largely due to concerted efforts by FRAC, USDA, and other national organizations to improve participation in this program.
2013–2014
FRAC leads the anti-hunger and anti-poverty communities in fighting back against Farm Bill proposals to weaken SNAP and in promoting implementation options that enhance program benefits and positive impacts.
2012
New polling data from FRAC show deep support for ending hunger and strong opposition to cutting food assistance programs, including SNAP. Support for SNAP and efforts to end hunger cut across party lines.
2011
FRAC spearheads the implementation of community eligibility in the first round of pilot states. Community eligibility, included in the 2010 child nutrition bill, will allow high-poverty school districts to serve free school meals to students. FRAC also supports the expansion of the Afterschool Meal Programs to every state. Both programs are the results of long-term advocacy by FRAC.
2010
FRAC releases its first “food hardship” study, which looks at a household’s ability to afford enough food, and contains data for not just the nation but also for every congressional district. This unprecedented study finds that nearly one household in six says they struggled to afford enough food.
2009–2010
FRAC leads efforts to broaden low-income children’s access to healthy school lunch and breakfast, summer and afterschool meals, and child care food in the child nutrition reauthorization process.
FRAC launches FRAC Focus: Obesity and Poverty, a unique e-periodical highlighting issues at the intersection of hunger, poverty, and obesity in America.
FRAC marks its 40-year anniversary at the annual benefit dinner.
2008–2009
FRAC and allies obtain substantial improvements in refundable child tax credit rules that provide billions of dollars in help to low-income working families with children.
FRAC launches anti-recession website www.realstimulus.org and leads effort that obtains $20 billion in food stamp improvements in economic recovery act.
2008
FRAC, state officials, elderly advocates, and other anti-hunger allies secure more than $10 billion in 10-year added funding in the 2008 Farm Bill for food stamps (now renamed the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP), including the first boost in the program’s minimum benefit in more than 30 years.
2007
Congress enacts FRAC’s initiative to reform the summer food program nationwide, cutting red tape and increasing reimbursements to reach more children.
FRAC opens second state office, Maryland Hunger Solutions, to combat hunger and improve nutrition in the state.
2006
FRAC and D.C. Hunger Solutions, along with Share Our Strength, launch ambitious Partnership to End Childhood Hunger in the Nation’s Capital.
FRAC issues School Wellness Policy and Practice: Meeting the Needs of Low-Income Students to focus benefits of the new federal wellness policy mandate on those most in need.
2005
FRAC and allies successfully stop deep budget cuts in food stamps and other nutrition programs supporting low-income people.
FRAC leads efforts at the state and local level to implement important 2004 child nutrition and 2002 food stamp reauthorization gains.
2004
FRAC, the Child Nutrition Forum, and allies obtain a child nutrition reauthorization law that strengthens school breakfast and lunch, summer food, child care food, and WIC programs.
2002
FRAC launches D.C. Hunger Solutions to combat hunger and improve nutrition in the District of Columbia.
FRAC launches Weekly News Digest which becomes the basic news source for thousands of advocates and stakeholders around the country on developments in anti-hunger, anti-poverty, and related areas.
2001–2002
FRAC and anti-hunger and immigrant allies obtain further restoration of benefits for hundreds of thousands of legal immigrants, significantly improved access to benefits for working families, and other important improvements in the Food Stamp Reauthorization Act of 2002.
2001
FRAC helps lead anti-poverty and anti-hunger groups in obtaining tens of billions of dollars in refundable tax credits for low-income working families with children in federal tax legislation.
FRAC leads campaign securing passage of provisions of the Hunger Relief Act to make the Food Stamp Program more responsive to working families and other hungry Americans, and secures legislation strengthening the Child and Adult Care Food Program’s nutrition benefits in family child care and afterschool programs.
1999–2000
FRAC obtains federal, state, and local administrative initiatives in food stamps to reverse the caseload decline among eligible people and make the program accessible to low-income working families.
1998
FRAC joins other anti-hunger and immigrant groups in leading the successful drive to reverse a 1996 law and restore food stamp benefits to one-quarter of a million immigrant children, seniors, and refugees.
FRAC spearheads efforts that improve and expand afterschool food, school breakfast, and other programs in the 1998 child nutrition reauthorization legislation.
1997
FRAC and national anti-hunger partners lead Hunger Has A Cure campaign, key pieces of which are included in the 1997 Balanced Budget Act.
USDA and the Census Bureau release the first-ever government study of the number of hungry Americans, using methodology adapted from FRAC’s Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project surveys.
1995–1996
FRAC provides key leadership in the successful struggle to preserve the entitlement status of federal nutrition programs under assault in Congress.
FRAC organizes a national coalition, Save Our Nation’s Nutrition Programs, endorsed by 500 organizations across the country.
1993
FRAC rallies support for important Food Stamp Program improvements in the Mickey Leland Childhood Hunger Relief Act, the most significant anti-hunger legislation since 1977.
1992
Release of FRAC’s School Breakfast Scorecard brings nationwide attention to the fact that only one-third of the low-income children receiving school lunch also get school breakfast. The report’s release contributes to passage of state mandates requiring schools with a high proportion of low-income students to serve breakfast.
1991
FRAC launches the Campaign to End Childhood Hunger.
FRAC releases the most comprehensive nationwide study of childhood hunger ever conducted — the Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project —which estimates that 1 in 8 children under the age of 12 in this country is hungry.
1990
FRAC marks 20 years of fighting hunger with its first annual dinner – honoring House Speaker Thomas Foley and Senate Republican Leader Bob Dole. Both express their commitment to ending domestic hunger and pay tribute to FRAC’s contributions to this cause.
1989
FRAC releases Feeding the Other Half, documenting the serious consequences of inadequate nutrition for low-income women, infants, and children eligible for, but not served by, WIC. The report is instrumental in gaining a significant funding boost for WIC.
FRAC’s research and lobbying are central to the enactment of the Child Nutrition Amendments of 1989, which expand the availability of meals for low-income children in the summer and provide incentives for school breakfast expansion.
1987
FRAC’s Fuel for Excellence, a guide to the School Breakfast Program, is the launching pad for a multi-year National School Breakfast Expansion Campaign with 70 national partners.
1984
FRAC issues The Widening Gap — a report documenting the increasing disparity between black and white infant death rates in the United States. It focuses public attention on the relationship between infant mortality and poor nutrition among low-income mothers.
1981–82
FRAC’s policy analysis, testimony, and leadership of the nationwide anti-hunger network play a key role in blunting the effect of proposals for massive cutbacks in nutrition programs.
1981
FRAC leads the way in publicizing a proposed USDA school lunch regulation that would reduce portion sizes and allow ketchup and pickle relish to be counted toward meeting vegetable requirements. “Ketchup as a vegetable” becomes a national issue, and FRAC coordinates a successful campaign to have the regulation withdrawn.
1978
Research and policy recommendations by FRAC play a key role in passage of the Child Nutrition Amendments of 1978, which greatly expand the WIC and School Breakfast Programs.
1977
FRAC’s research and field network play a crucial role in the adoption of the landmark Food Stamp Act of 1977, which improves access to the program for millions.
1976
FRAC wins a court order to release $35 million in funds impounded from the Elderly Feeding Program. The released funds are used to increase the number of people served.
1973
Litigation by FRAC leads to the release of funds impounded from the WIC program. This victory launches rapid growth in the program and WIC’s eventual nationwide reach.
FRAC wins two lawsuits in the United States Supreme Court that prevent exclusion of thousands of participants from the Food Stamp Program.
1970
FRAC is founded in New York City. FRAC pursues lawsuits in 26 states that ultimately lead to a requirement that every state must operate in all counties either a food stamp or a commodity distribution program to feed the poor.
